SPM Science · 2025 · Selangor · Percubaan Kertas 2

Based on Diagram 1, complete Table 1.1

| Characteristics | Able to roll the tongue | Unable to roll the tongue | | --- | --- | --- | | Number of Students | | |

表 1.1

Based on the results in Table 1.1, draw a bar chart showing the number of students against the characteristic of the ability to roll the tongue.

(在方格纸上作答)

Table 1.2 shows data for a type of variation.

| Blood group | A | B | AB | O | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Number of students | 5 | 4 | 1 | 15 |

表 1.2

Based on the experiment, the ability to roll the tongue is the most frequent. In Table 1.2, which blood group is the most frequent?

Based on Table 2, state one observation.

State one inference based on your observation in 2(a).

Predict the number of bacterial colonies if petri dish C is placed at temperature 90°C.

A student wants to conduct an experiment to study the effect of pH value on the growth of microorganisms. State the hypothesis for the experiment.

Study the statement below.

Low temperature conditions retard the growth of microorganisms.

Based on Table 2, state one evidence that shows the statement is correct.

Based on Diagram 3, measure the height of seedling R and complete Table 3.

Based on Table 3, state the seedlings that experience stunted growth.

Based on Table 3, state one inference for this experiment.

Study the statement below.

Plant growth is normal when it receives complete nutrients.

Based on Table 3, state one evidence that supports the statement above.

Based on Table 4, state an observation for cylindrical tube B.

Based on the experiment in Diagram 4.1, state one factor that is constant.

State one way on how you control the factor in 4(b)(i).

State the relationship between the presence of air and the time taken for the ping pong ball to fall onto the rubber stopper.

Diagram 4.2 shows a student dropping two different objects (tissue paper and an iron nail) onto the floor in the laboratory.

图 4.2

It was found that both objects fell faster on the moon than in the laboratory. Based on Table 4, prove this statement.

State one example of biological waste in the laboratory.

Based on Diagram 5, state the category of the waste material.

Ahmad has completed an experiment involving a syringe. Explain how he intends to dispose of the biological waste.

Table 5 shows information on biological waste materials for category B and category D.

| Category B | Category D | | --- | --- | | Autoclaved | Autoclaved | | Put in biohazard bin | Disposed directly into the sewage system |

表 5

Based on Table 5, compare and contrast the methods of disposing of the waste materials.

What is the term for vertical columns in the Modern Periodic Table of Elements?

Based on Diagram 6.1, state the proton number of element P.

Diagram 6.2 shows the electron arrangement of the unstable atom X.

图 6.2

How does atom X achieve a stable octet arrangement of electrons?

Diagram 6.3 shows the electron arrangement of atom R and atom Q.

图 6.3

Based on Diagram 6.3, compare and contrast atom R and atom Q.

What chemical is applied to the surface of human skin to prevent pathogenic infections on the wound?

An adult man notices that several small blisters have appeared on the affected area of his body. He is diagnosed with shingles after seeing a doctor. Explain what he can do to treat the disease.

Diagram 7 shows a bar chart of the number of bacterial colonies after going through two sterilization methods (autoclave and boiling), for Bacteria A and Bacteria B.

图 7

Based on Diagram 7, explain which sterilization method is more effective in killing bacteria.

Doctors often remind patients to finish all of their antibiotics as prescribed even if their symptoms have improved. Explain the importance of the action.

What type of nuclear weapon was used during the Second World War in Hiroshima?

Leukemia, hair loss, birth defects and cancer are impacts of nuclear weapons testing. Explain one way to control the testing activity.

Diagram 8 shows a graph of carbon dioxide gas emissions by users of different energy sources (Coal 820, Biomass co-firing 740, Natural gas 490, Biomass 230, Solar PV utility 48, Solar PV roof 41, Geothermal 38, Solar concentrated 27, Hydropower 24, Nuclear 12 g/kWh).

图 8

Based on Diagram 8, which energy source is the most environmentally friendly? Explain your answer.

Developed countries compete to produce nuclear weapons to strengthen their military team. State one disadvantage of using nuclear weapons.

Based on Diagram 9.1, state one sector in Green Technology that is involved.

The landslide incident that occurred on Highway X is believed to have been caused by uncontrolled logging from nearby areas. Suggest one Green Technology solution that can be implemented to resolve this issue.

Diagram 9.2 shows an application of Green Technology in the transportation sector (an electric car being charged at a charging station).

图 9.2

Explain two advantages of using technology as shown in Diagram 9.2.

Dina is planning to go on vacation abroad for two weeks. Help Dina to create a tool to water her flower plants during her vacation. You need to use the following materials: plastic bottle with a hole on the cap (filled with water), cotton bud, chopstick, adhesive tape.

(在方框内绘出并标记你的设计)

Explain the function of the cotton bud in your design.

Based on Diagram 10, which part of the palm oil fruit contains the most oil?

During recess at the canteen, Amir accidentally got oily sambal sauce on his white school uniform while eating nasi lemak. State one way to remove the oily stain.

Oil palm waste such as empty fruit bunches, husks, and fronds is often recycled in various industries. State two advantages of recycling oil palm waste to the environment.

Improper disposal of used cooking oil can pollute the environment and affect the drainage system. Therefore, you are asked to recycle used cooking oil to produce soap, using used cooking oil, distilled water, lye (sodium hydroxide pellet), a container and soap moulds.

Write the steps to make soap.

1. ...
2. ...
3. ...
4. Let the soap harden.

Problem statement

Hypothesis

Responding variable

Procedure or method

Three aspects that are needed to draw the experimental graph.

Give an example of a natural polymer and state its uses.

Diagram 12.1 shows the types of goods made of natural rubber with the addition of material Y (shoe soles and car tyres).

图 12.1

State material Y and one of its advantages in producing the goods.

Table 7 shows two different types of polymers and their characteristics.

| Rubber M | Characteristics | Rubber N | | --- | --- | --- | | Latex | Basic materials | Latex | | 300 | Melting point (°C) | 200 | | Can | Ability to return to its original shape after being stretched | Cannot | | No | Conduct electricity | No | | Air and water | Permeability | Air |

表 7

Compare and contrast between the two types of polymers above.

Study the statement below.

Kuala Lumpur: The Rub A Paint exhibition introduces the latest innovation from the Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM) which will further enliven the art landscape because the medium used is natural rubber known as Getah Colour. (Source: Berita Harian, 2018)

Based on the information above, justify the use of Getah Colour medium for visual arts use in Malaysia.

State one example of environmental preservation activity and one example of environmental conservation activity.

Diagram 13 shows a technology used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (rows of tubular microalgae photobioreactors).

图 13

Explain the technology.

Table 8 shows the percentage of forest area that still exists in Malaysia from 2000 to 2020.

| Year | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Forest area (%) | 60 | 58 | 55 | 52 | 49 |

表 8

Based on Table 8, explain the pattern of changes in the percentage of forest area in Malaysia.

Study the information below.

The average temperature in Peninsular Malaysia shows an increase of 0.24°C per decade. The average monthly temperature in Peninsular Malaysia in May 2024 was 28.8°C, while the average monthly temperature in May 1974, 50 years ago, was 26.6°C. (Source: Berita Harian Online)

Justify the application of green technology in addressing the phenomenon above.