SPM Biology · 2025 · Johor · Percubaan Kertas 2 (Johor)

Based on Diagram 1.1, name structures P and Q.

Some proteins have carbohydrate chains attached to them. State the function of Q.

State the effect on the plasma membrane if structure R is absent.

Explain the properties of liposome that can increase the effectiveness of the use of the health product.

State the classification of plant based on Diagram 2 and an example of plant K.

Why does the growth curve of plant K consist of a series of small sigmoid curves?

Plant P is a eudicot that undergoes secondary growth. Draw a cross-section of the stem of a 9-year-old plant P in the space provided, and label X on the dark ring and Y on the bright ring.

Name components P and Q.

Complete Diagram 3.2 to show a complete DNA molecule.

Explain the effect to the inheritance if DNA is degraded.

Name the tissue on the ring of the bark that has been removed.

State the function of the tissue named in 4(a)(i).

Predict the condition of Y and Z after 4 weeks.

Explain your answer for Z.

How do the plants in Diagram 4.2 act in phytoremediation?

Name K and L.

Explain why the flowers in Diagram 5.1 have stamens and carpels on the same flower.

Diagram 5.2 shows a mature carpel. Explain the formation of the 2 types of zygotes resulting from the fertilization of male gametes and female gametes in the ovary of the plant.

Seeds are the structures used to reproduce most angiosperm plants to maintain the survival of the plant species. Describe 2 important aspects of seeds for plant survival.

Name the types of body systems involved in: the response as in Diagram 6.1; and the response as in Diagram 6.2.

State the type of stimulus that triggers the response in: Diagram 6.1; and Diagram 6.2.

Aiman sweats a lot due to the high environmental temperature. Describe how Aiman's body uses the mechanism of homeostasis to control the water content in his body, and what would happen if the lost fluids are not replaced.

Aiman has been in an air-conditioned room for an extended period; his body sweats less and the ADH level in his blood decreases. Explain how reduced sweating helps maintain Aiman's body temperature, then analyse how this change is related to the decrease in ADH hormone to maintain water balance in the body.

Name the disease shown in Diagram 7.

State the type of mutation that causes the disease.

Mutation can happen to somatic cells or gamete cells and will produce variation in the population. State the difference between somatic cell and gamete cell mutations.

Diagram 7.1(a) and Diagram 7.1(b) show graphs for two different types of variation. State the difference between the graphs in Diagram 7.1(a) and Diagram 7.1(b).

Diagram 7.2 shows the process of protein synthesis before and after mutation. Based on Diagram 7.2, explain the effect of the mutation to the protein synthesized.

State the function of hormone Y.

Mrs. H is advised to prevent pregnancy by taking birth control pills that contain high levels of hormone Z. Explain how that hormone can prevent Mrs. H's pregnancy.

Diagram 8.2 shows the condition of the foetus in the womb for two types of twins. State three differences between twins R and S.

Woman B's menstrual cycle begins on 1 September 2025. She will participate in swimming training from 15 to 28 September 2025 and is encouraged to take hormone injections to avoid menstruation during the training. Based on the situation, suggest the type of hormone and the appropriate date for Woman B to take the hormone injection.

Diagram 9(a) shows an unhealthy eating habit. Explain how this habit causes cardiovascular disease.

Based on the nutrient content in Table 9(b), suggest the best burger for the teenager's diet. Discuss the good and bad effects of both burgers on his health.

Diagram 9(c) shows the changes in an individual's artery over 10 years. Based on Diagram 9(c), name one example of the disease that is caused by the formation of plaque. Discuss the individual's diet and lifestyle in relation to the changes in his artery, and state suggestions on how to reduce the risk of having the changes shown in the Diagram.

Explain the type of biodiversity shown in Diagram 10.1.

Diagram 10.2 shows several efforts by organisations and the government to preserve biodiversity. Discuss the steps that can be taken to preserve and conserve biodiversity in Malaysia.

Plants living in different habitats must adapt to their environmental conditions. Diagram 10.3 shows two plants that grow in mangrove swamp and desert habitats. Based on Diagram 10.3, explain the morphological characteristics of the plants to adapt to their habitat.

Explain how DNA profiling of the Malayan tiger can help combat poaching and illegal trafficking.

Suggest other measures that can be taken by the government and society to conserve this endangered species.

A large-scale industrial company has many employees and operates almost all day long. Continuous use of electrical equipment such as air conditioners, heavy machinery and lights has dramatically increased the company's monthly electricity bill, affecting operating costs and contributing to environmental pollution from fossil-fuel-based energy. As an employer concerned about environmental issues and sustainable energy use, suggest energy-saving measures the employer can take to reduce electricity consumption in the company, and describe how these measures can benefit the company and the environment.